What are Arrhythmias?
Arrhythmias occur when the heart’s electrical signals malfunction, causing it to beat too quickly (tachycardia), too slowly (bradycardia), or irregularly.
Types of Arrhythmias
- Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): The most common type, where the heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly.
- Ventricular Fibrillation: Causes rapid, erratic heartbeats in the ventricles, potentially leading to cardiac arrest.
- Bradycardia: A slower-than-normal heart rate.
- Tachycardia: A faster-than-normal heart rate.
- Premature Heartbeats: Extra beats that occur before the next expected beat.
Causes of Arrhythmias
Several factors contribute to arrhythmias:
- Coronary Artery Disease: Blocked arteries disrupt heart signals.
- Heart Attack: Damages heart tissue affecting electrical pathways.
- Electrolyte Imbalances: Potassium, sodium imbalances affect heart’s impulses.
- High Blood Pressure: Thickens heart walls, alters signals.
- Congenital Heart Defects: Birth abnormalities disrupt rhythm.
Symptoms of Arrhythmias
Symptoms vary but may include:
- Palpitations: Fluttering or rapid heartbeat.
- Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Especially when standing.
- Shortness of Breath: During activity or at rest.
- Chest Pain or Discomfort: Mild to severe pain.
- Fatigue: Unusual tiredness.
- Fainting (Syncope): Sudden loss of consciousness.
Diagnosing Arrhythmias
Tests include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Records heart’s electrical activity.
- Holter Monitor: 24-48-hour heart activity record.
- Event Monitor: Longer-term heart activity monitor.
- Echocardiogram: Ultrasound to check heart structure.
- Stress Test: Monitors heart under exertion.
Treatment for Arrhythmias
Treatment depends on type and severity:
- Medications: Antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, anticoagulants.
- Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, stress reduction.
- Medical Procedures: Cardioversion, catheter ablation, pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
Conclusion
Understanding arrhythmias is critical for heart health. If symptoms occur, seek medical help promptly. For more information, visit the British Heart Foundation and CPR and AED Training by Defib Supplies.
